| Family | Scientific Name | Author | Year | Common Name |
| Leuciscidae | Cyprinella leptocheilus | Tracy, Rohde, Jenkins | 2024 | Siouan Thinlip Chub |
Unique Characters: Short, thin conical barbel in corner of mouth. Dorsal fin origin modally 1.5 scales posterior to the pelvic-fin origin. Dark crosshatching on back and sides. Slender, compressed body. Restricted to the lower Yadkin, Lumber, and Cape Fear River basins.
The full species description of Siouan Thinlip Chub, including its range map, images, and an identification key on how to separate Siouan Thinlip Chub from Thicklip Chub and Santee Chub may be found at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/sfcproceedings/vol1/iss64/4/.
Similar Species:
All species of Cyprinella have dark pigment on the last 2-4 interradial membranes of the dorsal-fin; but only Siouan Thinlip Chub, Thicklip Chub, and Santee Chub possess maxillary barbels.
Thicklip Chub
Cyprinella labrosa
Thicklip Chub Cyprinella labrosa. Darker cross-hatching on back and sides. Small brown blotches on the sides. Compressed thicker body, flattened below. Dorsal fin origin over pelvic origin. Usually pigment in posterior part of dorsal fin.
Siouan Thinlip Chub is distinguished from Thicklip Chub by having: 1) modally 40 lateral-line scales vs. 37 lateral-line scales; 2) no dark blotches or cross hatching on back and side vs. small, dark blotches and cross hatching on back and side; 3) no white spot at anterior base of dorsal fin vs. white spot present at anterior base of dorsal fin; 4) side of body well pigmented below lateral line vs. minimal pigment below lateral line; and 5) a line drawn from the posterior corner of the upper lip, immediately anterior to the barbel, extending vertically posterior to the anterior edge of the bony orbit vs. a line drawn from the posterior corner of the upper lip, immediately anterior to the barbel, extending vertically anterior to the anterior edge of the bony orbit.
Santee Chub
Cyprinella zanema
Santee Chub Cyprinella zanema. Very similar in appearance to Siouan Thinlip Chub. In North Carolina Santee Chub is endemic to Broad and Catawba River basins while Siouan Thinlip Chub is endemic to Sand Hills and upper Coastal Plain streams of the Lumber, Cape Fear, and Yadkin River basins.
Siouan Thinlip Chub is distinguished from Santee Chub by having: 1) dorsal-fin origin (position) modally 1.5 scales posterior to the pelvic-fin origin; vs. dorsal-fin origin modally 2.5 scales posterior to the pelvic-fin origin; 2) mean upper lip width at midpoint 2.1% of head length vs. mean upper lip width at midpoint 3.5% of head length; 3) mean upper lip width at midline 2.9% of head length vs. mean upper lip width at midline 4.1% of head length; and mean maxillary barbel length 3.5% of head length vs. mean maxillary barbel length 8.0% of head length.
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